Hepatitis is a serious disease that should not be overlooked. Caused by viral infections, hepatitis is classified into five types: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, each with different causes.

Hepatitis B, also known as Hep-B, is a particularly severe form of hepatitis. It can result in lifelong infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and even death. The good news is that, among the various types of hepatitis, a vaccine has been developed for hepatitis B, significantly reducing the risk of infection.

Who Should Get the Hepatitis B Vaccine?

According to the WHO and CDC, the hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective for infants at birth and children up to 18 years old. This vaccine is also recommended for adults who are at high risk of hepatitis B infection, such as those living with diabetes or those exposed to risk factors due to their occupation, lifestyle, living situation, or country of birth.

The hepatitis B vaccine should be given to everyone, especially the following groups:

• All infants, starting at birth

• All children under 19 years old who have not been vaccinated

• Susceptible sexual partners of hepatitis B-positive individuals

• Sexually active individuals not in a long-term monogamous relationship

• People seeking treatment for sexually transmitted infections

• Individuals engaging in same-sex sexual activity

• Injection drug users

• People living with a hepatitis B-positive individual

• Health and public safety workers

• Individuals with end-stage renal disease (including those on hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or home dialysis)

• Residents and staff of disability facilities

• Travelers to countries where hepatitis B is prevalent

• Individuals with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or fatty liver disease

• Individuals with hepatitis C

• People with HIV

• Adults aged 19-50 with diabetes

• Anyone seeking protection from HBV infection

Hepatitis B Vaccination Dosage and Schedule

The Hepatitis B Foundation explains that the vaccination for children is typically administered in three doses:

• The first dose is given shortly after birth, ideally in the delivery room.

• The second dose is administered at least one month or 28 days after the first dose.

• The third dose is given at least four months (16 weeks) after the first dose or two months after the second dose.

Babies must be at least 24 weeks old when receiving the third dose.

Previously, the hepatitis B vaccine for adults was given in three doses. However, since November 2017, the FDA approved a two-dose vaccine for adults 18 years and older, with doses administered one month apart.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Side Effects

While the hepatitis B vaccine is generally safe, both children and adults may experience some side effects, including:

• Pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site

• Fever

• Headache

• Runny or stuffy nose

Severe side effects are rare, but if you experience dizziness, muscle weakness, swelling of the face or throat, red bumps, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.

Several hepatitis B vaccine brands have been approved for both children and adults. Always consult with your doctor to select the best option for your needs.

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