When you hear “narcissistic personality,” you might picture someone who enjoys uploading selfies from many angles. In psychology, however, the meaning goes far deeper than simply liking to pose or post on social media.

Narcissistic personality disorder is a condition in which a person feels superior and more important than others. They constantly seek admiration and strongly desire praise. Yet beneath this outward confidence, they often have fragile self-esteem and can be easily hurt by even mild criticism.

Causes and How to Diagnose Narcissistic Personality Disorder

The exact cause of narcissistic personality disorder remains unclear. Experts suspect associations of narcissistic personality disorder to environmental factors, parenting styles, childhood trauma, genetic factors, and individual temperament.

The symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder are varied and can overlap with other personality disorders. Some of the typical symptoms of this personality disorder include exaggerating achievements, viewing oneself as above others, and believing one deserves special treatment from people around them.

Confirming the diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder requires a direct examination by a specialist. A doctor, psychiatrist or psychologist will typically perform a physical examination to rule out medical causes of the symptoms. The clinician will also use questionnaires and evaluate other signs. Once the examinations are considered sufficient, the doctor will recommend treatment tailored to the patient’s condition.

How to Manage a Narcissistic Personality Trait

People with narcissistic traits often dismiss others’ opinions because they believe they are always right. Long-term counseling is therefore needed so patients can recognize they have a personality disorder and work on managing their condition. Treatments that may be offered include:

1. Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, or therapy that include talking and conveying their problem, is widely used to treat many mental and emotional problems. Through this approach, patients are expected to:

• Learn to understand other people so they can build healthy relationships with them

   

• Understand and regulate their emotions, identify triggers for competitiveness, and notice the drive to always outshine others

   

• Learn to accept personal failures and shortcomings and realize that no one is perfect

   

• Strengthen self-confidence

   

• Learn to develop realistic expectations of others

2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive behavioral therapy helps individuals change harmful thought patterns and behaviors. The aim is to correct distorted thinking and build a more realistic self-image.

3. Medications

People with narcissistic personality traits may receive antidepressants or antipsychotics to ease intermittent anxiety symptoms. Doctors may also prescribe mood stabilizers to help manage mood swings.

People with narcissistic personalities often face difficulties in social relationships, including at work. If you suspect you have narcissistic personality disorder, or you know someone who might, consult a doctor or psychologist so they can get the appropriate treatments to manage this condition.

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