Heart failure is a condition where the heart's pumping ability weakens, preventing it from effectively circulating blood throughout the body. According to the Mayo Clinic, there are several types of heart failure, including left-sided heart failure, right-sided heart failure, systolic heart failure (usually caused by complications from high blood pressure), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which occurs when the left ventricle cannot relax or fill fully.

Causes of Heart Failure

Heart failure can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• High blood pressure (hypertension)

• Heart valve disease, which may be due to a congenital heart defect

• Heart muscle abnormalities or damage

• Heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis)

• Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

• Other underlying diseases, such as diabetes, HIV, thyroid disorders, and issues like iron or protein buildup

Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure

It’s important to recognize the signs and symptoms of heart failure early, as this allows for more effective treatment. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the following are signs and symptoms of heart failure:

• Difficulty breathing, resulting in shortness of breath

• Fatigue and weakness, especially in the legs when doing physical activities

• Swelling in the ankles, feet, or abdomen, often accompanied by weight gain

• Frequent urination at night

• Dizziness, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and fainting

• Palpitations (irregular heartbeat)

• Dry cough

• Bloating and a sensation of hardness in the abdomen

When heart failure is suspected, doctors will review your medical history, including general health, family history, smoking and drinking habits, and any current medications. They will also perform a physical examination and may recommend a variety of tests. These tests could include blood tests, heart function markers, an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and others to confirm the diagnosis.

How to Reduce the Risk of Heart Failure

There are several steps you can take to prevent or reduce the risk of heart failure, including:

• Quit smoking

• Control blood pressure and prevent diabetes

• Stay active by engaging in regular physical activity

• Follow a healthy diet

• Maintain a healthy weight and lose excess weight if needed

• Manage stress effectively

If you notice one or more of the symptoms of heart failure, it is essential to consult a doctor immediately. Your doctor will conduct tests and provide appropriate treatment based on your condition.

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